Energy efficiency evaluation and optimization for wastewater treatment
A comprehensive assessment of energy efficiency in sewage treatment reveals issues of energy waste, offers insights into the energy consumption structure, fosters
In Pakistan, domestic waste is either discharged directly to a sewer system, a natural drain or water body, a nearby field, or an internal septic tank. It is estimated that only some 8% of urban wastewater is treated in municipal treatment plants. We lack continuous water treatment facilities.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered as energy-intensive industries. A comprehensive assessment of energy efficiency in sewage treatment reveals issues of energy waste, offers insights into the energy consumption structure, fosters optimization of energy management, and enhances overall energy utilization.
Since there is evidence wastewater is used agriculturally in many parts of Pakistan, regulations and standards need to evolve. Unlike Pakistan, Jordan has three categories of standards just for reclaimed wastewater. The limits are defined for end use and for discharge into water bodies and wadis.
Using untreated wastewater for irrigation is common in most parts of Pakistan. The main crops cultivated in these areas are vegetables, fodder, and wheat. Due to the alarming rates of industrialization and population growth, along with a lack of treatment mechanisms in Pakistan, drinking water quality has continuously deteriorated.
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