U.S. Codes and Standards for Battery Energy Storage Systems
This document offers a curated overview of the relevant codes and standards (C+S) governing the safe deployment of utility-scale battery energy storage systems in the United States.
This innovation is a major improvement for safer and more efficient energy storage solutions. Battery Energy Storage Systems are essential for the future of energy, but safety must always come first. Each of the safety standards relevant to BESS plays a unique role in ensuring the systems' safety, reliability, and performance.
The following are the most widely recognized benchmarks for system-level safety. UL 9540 is the comprehensive safety standard for energy storage systems (ESS), focusing on the interaction of system components. It evaluates the overall performance, safety features, and design of BESS, ensuring they operate effectively without compromising safety.
Battery safety starts at the cell and module level, where failures can quickly escalate if not properly managed. These standards focus on testing and validating the integrity of individual cells and battery packs under various stress conditions. They are essential for ensuring the reliability and safety of BESS from the inside out.
Apart from Li-ion battery chemistry, there are several potential chemistries that can be used for stationary grid energy storage applications. A discussion on the chemistry and potential risks will be provided.
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