Introduction of photovoltaic backsheet and explanation of future
At present, photovoltaic modules are mainly single glass modules, but the development trend is that the proportion of double glass modules will gradually increase,
Fluoropolymers are used in PV backsheets and as coatings on solar ce glass. Data on PFAS types and concentrations in solar modules remain limited. No evidence of presence and use of PFAS in commercially available solar modules. Risk assessment indicate no human health risks for PFAS in solar modules.
Klinke et al. (2018) and Jacob et al. (2024) examine the application of fluoropolymers in both front and back sheets of PV modules, while Lijzen et al. (2024) project the waste stream of PVF-based backsheets between 2035 and 2045.
Common fluoropolymers used in solar modules include PVF, PVDF, PTFE, FEP, ECTFE, and perfluoroalkoxy . For instance, PTFE is characterized by a –CF2 – backbone with –CF 3– terminal group, possesses high molecular weight and minimal oligomeric content (<1 %), meeting PLC criteria.
PV cells are embedded between the top glass layer and the bottom backsheet layer using encapsulants in a typical glass-backsheet design solar module. With the commercialization of bifacial solar cells, modules with glass-glass design have dominated the PV market .
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