Photovoltaic Module Export Industry: Trends, Challenges, and
As global demand for renewable energy surges, the photovoltaic module export industry has become a cornerstone of international trade. This article explores key market drivers,
In addition to exports to Asia, it is noteworthy that the United States of America stands out as the largest single Extra-European importer of European PV hardware. Table 3. The imported and exported value [€, millions] and the share [%] of PV modules and cells into Europe from third countries.
In scenarios A and B, where no import tariffs are imposed, the price of importing PV modules from the U.S. is about 22.8 cents per Wp, which is 4.4 cents cheaper than importing from China and 9.3 cents cheaper than producing in Europe.
Part of the production takes place in the Netherlands. But the majority of PV modules installed in the Netherlands are imported from a diversified portfolio of EU countries. In this scenario, CO2 emissions will be much lower than in a scenario in which the dependence on imports outside the EU is higher.
The result clearly shows that China is the dominant source of supply for PV cells and modules in Europe. The concentration of supply from China is remarkable, with 89.9% of PV cells and 95.7% module imports originating from China. In total, 95.6% of the monetary value of total imports in these two categories is attributed to China.
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